As a professional alpha, beta and sensitivity reader who also happens to enjoy writing about books, I often encounter writers who are uncertain about the roles and types of early readers. Misunderstandings can take precious time away from writing, so I have created this guide to demystify the roles of alpha, beta, sensitivity, and ARC readers, to help you assemble the best team for each stage of your writing journey. I also include a little information on what to expect and where to find them.

Early Readers

Early readers review your book and provide crucial feedback from a reader’s perspective before publication. Essentially, they act like an extra pair of eyes, who help you detect things you may have missed or offer perspectives that may be outside of your wheelhouse. Depending on what point you have reached on the writing journey, this feedback may take different forms. Generally, alpha, beta, and sensitivity readers will provide feedback that is specifically for the author, to help make changes before, and occasionally after, the book goes off to an editor.  ARC readers, on the other hand, are part of your marketing team and their feedback is typically intended for public consumption.

Alpha Readers

Alpha readers are typically the first people to look at your work-in-progress (WIP). This draft may or may not be finished and might still be very rough. At this stage that isn’t a big issue. Your alpha reader is there to focus on big picture elements such as plot and character development. If you get stuck, an alpha reader might offer suggestions to help you progress.

Beta Readers

Beta readers (which can be pronounced bee-ta or bay-ta depending on your region) come after alpha readers and usually after the manuscript has been through some self-editing. Beta Readers will focus on the enjoyment of the plot. They may point out things like pacing and continuity issues, plot holes or confusing fight sequences. They will focus on reader satisfaction.

Sensitivity Readers

Sensitivity readers help you with writing characters and stories that are outside of your lived experience, so that your story can be fair, realistic, and accurate. Whilst most people (rightly) think about gender, race, culture, health, or certain life experiences outside of their own, you can also approach a sensitivity reader for other reasons. For example, if horses are a significant feature in your story, you may approach someone who has experiences around horses who can make sure your story makes sense (please get the sensitivity read for horses – I’ve heard some horror stories about horses doing some truly astounding things in published books).

It is worth noting that many sensitivity readers will often conduct a sensitivity read alongside an alpha or a beta read.

What Early Readers DON’T do:

• – They do not replace editors. They focus on providing reader-centric feedback rather than correcting grammar. I’m not talking about them fixing the odd typo or flagging a missing word. Professional editors have specialised training and won’t be approaching your manuscript ‘as a reader’. The right editor will not only mends typos and picks out dodgy grammar, but they will work with you to elevate storytelling to make it as linguistically captivating as it can be. Some editors offer critiques, story development, and beta reading services though. If you are not sure whether you are ready for editing or not, a professional editor will be able to advise you.
• – They don’t necessarily review your book when it comes out. There is no harm in letting them know that it’s out, but books can change significantly after editing (especially if there are multiple rounds and types of editing). Alpha and beta reader reports are geared towards helping make changes and to celebrate what works for a work in progress, not for reader reviews. If they choose to support you by reading the final version of the book and leaving a review, that’s a compliment, not an obligation.

Finding Your Early Reader Dream Team

Whether you’re looking for someone to shower you with praise or give you the tough love your manuscript needs, finding the right early readers is a bit like dating. You’ve got to know what you’re looking for and where to find them. Fear not—I’ve got some tips and tricks to help you identify the perfect reader companions.

Choosing Between Free and Paid Readers

Readers can be free or paid for a number of reasons. You may choose to engage with one or the other, or a mixture of both. That is fine. It is possible to get free early readers, though typically there is typically a lower feedback rate, and you may need to be more flexible with the deadline than you might be with hired help. You may want to create feedback forms too, to ensure that you get the information you need (please subscribe to this blog if you need help with a beta readers feedback template as I am working on one for beta readers and writers very soon). Over the years, the main complaint I have heard about free reader teams is that much of the feedback will be ‘I liked it’… and that’s if any feedback comes at all (I’ve heard of almost as many writers who have had great success with free beta teams too).

It’s helpful to see what genres your beta reader enjoys before engaging with them, or in the initial conversation. The feedback you will get from someone who knows and loves the genre you are writing in or is at least experienced in reading your genre can be significantly more insightful than someone who avoids it.

Where to Find Alpha, Beta, and Sensitivity Readers

I am very old school and love Facebook. I know, showing my age, right? But there are some fantastic Facebook groups for writers, beta readers and all kinds of support on the good old Meta platform. I’ve used the groups for years as a writer, a reader, and a beta reader and I’ve always had fun and learned a lot. I’ve made some great friends along the way too. Other social media apps can be used to recruit readers.

There are beta reading websites and forums that help to match writers with readers. Goodreads has a forum where you can ask for beta readers and other sites like Reddit have spaces for that too.

Fiverr, Upwork, and other freelancing sites always have readers available, with prices to suit every budget. There will usually be reviews and some information about the services available and most freelancers will welcome messages before booking. Most freelancing platforms hold on to any payments until the freelancer has uploaded deliverables, making working with freelance readers a low-risk endeavour.

So What About ARC Readers?

ARC readers are part of your promotions team. They help you to create a buzz about the book before it comes out and just after release. They might help with cover reveals, promotional content, and reviews. You may offer them e-books, physical books, or PR boxes depending on strategy and budget, but the main thing is that ARC readers should represent your target audience in order to get the best experience. They are not obligated to make posts and you will need to set clear expectations for their involvement, including what they should do if they didn’t enjoy the book.

Conclusion

I hope that his article has helped you to understand the function of various early readers and where they fit in the writing journey. Writing can feel lonely and confusing at times, but you are never too far from a helping hand. Please let me know if you have any questions or want me to delve deeper into any of the topics mentioned in this blog post. And if you want to read more about my beta reading service, click here. Thanks for reading!